Description of BECTERIA

On our page you will find many ideas including scientific explanation of different organisms, microbes, so if you want to know anything, visit our blog. Today we will learn about bacteria... thanks all...

BECTERIA

What are BECTERIA

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments.They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms.These organisms can live in soil, the ocean and inside the human gut.Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. It is not as small as the virus. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Humans' relationship with bacteria is complex. Sometimes bacteria lend us a helping hand, In other cases, bacteria are destructive.

BECTERIA's structures

Intracellular structures

Cell Membrane 

             The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane, which is made primarily of phospholipids. This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell.

Eukaryotic Cells

               Bacteria usually lack large membrane-bound structures in their cytoplasm such as a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles present in eukaryotic cells.

Cytoskeleton 

                Bacteria have a multi-component cytoskeleton to control the localisation of proteins and nucleic acids within the cell, and to manage the process of cell division. 

Cytoplasm 

                A gelatinous substance inside the plasma membrane that contains genetic material and ribosomes. 

 

DNA 

      This contains all the genetic instructions used in the development and function of the bacterium. It is located inside the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes 

          This is where proteins are made, or synthesized. Ribosomes are complex particles made up of RNA-rich granules.

Extracellular structures

Cell Wall 

           A layer that is made of a polymer called peptidoglycan. The cell wall gives the bacteria its shape. It is located outside the plasma membrane . The cell wall is thicker in some bacteria, called Gram positive bacteria.

Flagella

            Flagella are rigid protein structures, about 20 nanometres in diameter and up to 20 micrometres in length, that are used for motility. Flagella are driven by the energy released by the transfer of ions down an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.

 

Pili

     These hair-like appendages on the outside of the cell allow it to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells. This can contribute to the spread of illness in humans.

The assembly of these extracellular structures is dependent on bacterial secretion systems. These transfer proteins from the cytoplasm into the periplasm or into the environment around the cell.
 

Reproduction

 Binary Fission

              Most bacteria multiply by a process called binary fission, according to the Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. In this process, a single bacterial cell, called the "parent," makes a copy of its DNA and grows larger by doubling its cellular content. The cell then splits apart, pushing the duplicated material out and creating two identical "daughter" cells.

Spores 

        When some types of bacteria are low on resources, they can form spores. Spores hold the organism’s DNA material and contain the enzymes needed for germination. They are very resistant to environmental stresses. The spores can remain inactive for centuries, until the right conditions occur. Then they can reactivate and become bacteria.

After All,,,, 

Bacteria can be beneficial as well as detrimental to human health. Commensal, or "friendly" bacteria, share space and resources within our bodies and tend to be helpful. There are about 10 times more microbial cells than human cells in our bodies; the highest numbers of microbial species are found in the gut.
Many of the bacteria in the body play an important role in human survival. Bacteria in the digestive system break down nutrients, such as complex sugars, into forms the body can use.

Non-hazardous bacteria also help prevent diseases by occupying places that the pathogenic, or disease-causing, bacteria want to attach to. Some bacteria protect us from disease by attacking the pathogens.

I will come again with something new... Thank You...