VIRUS
What is VIRUS
A virus is genetic material submicroscopic infectious agentcontained within an organic particle, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone. Viruses must infect cells and use components of the host cell to make copies of themselves. Often, they kill the host cell in the process, and cause damage to the host organism.Viruses can also burst their host cell as they expand in numbers, in what's called a lytic cycle of reproduction.
Innovation/Discovery of VIRUS
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology.
Structural features of the VIRUS
A complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid. These are formed from protein subunits called capsomeres. Viruses can have a lipid "envelope" derived from the host cell membrane. The capsid is made from proteins encoded by the viral genome and its shape serves as the basis for morphological distinction.
In general, there are Seven main morphological virus types,
1.Helical 2.Polyhedral 3.Spherical 4.Icosahedral 5.Prolate 6.Enveloped 7.Complex
Size of VIRUS
Virus sizes vary from the extremely minuscule - 17 nanometre wide (Porcine Circovirus), for example - to monsters that challenge the very definition of 'virus', such as the 2.3 micrometre (Tupanvirus).
Relieve of VIRUS
Not all viruses do that harm, but some viruses do us good. viruses don’t have the same components as bacteria, they cannot be killed by antibiotics; only antiviral medications or vaccines can eliminate.
by SK
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